STATEMENT OF PURPOSE

a few must see links:
http://soptips.blogspot.com/2007_01_01_archive.html
http://www.accepted.com/grad/personalstatement.aspx
http://forum.testfunda.com/topic579-sop-fms-other-colleges.html
http://www.pagalguy.com/forum/prep-resources/1501-the-art-of-writing-sop-38.html
http://www.statementofpurpose.com/ee/mba_essay_sample_1.html
http://www.pagalguy.com/forum/prep-resources/1501-the-art-of-writing-sop.html
http://freembastuff.com/sopexamples.php
http://www.careers-india.com/2007/12/13/how-to-write-sops-statement-of-prupose-b-school-applications-2/
http://freembastuff.com/soptips.php
http://cflogic.careerforum.in/faqs/faqs_fms.htm

MY STATEMENT OF PURPOSE:

My engineering stint at NIT Rourkela has helped me to acquire technical skills and it is here that I did a significant value addition to my personality.  My belief to aim for the best and to strive for excellence was strengthened as I came in contact with some really talented and hardworking people.

Now, when I am required to apply all that I learned and join the industry as an Electrical engineer, I feel that I fall short on the managerial skills which are required to significantly contribute to any organization and to participate in its decision making process.

A MBA degree from FMS will sharpen my managerial skills and would result in a significant value addition. The world class education and exposure I will get at FMS will be the perfect opportunity to put my career on a superb growth path and help me realize my ambition.

NOTES: . Lastly, a thought from “The Secret” by Rhonda Byrne, if you are positive and earnestly aim to achieve your target then you will surely succeed. 


This unique blend of education and experiences has given me a solid foundation in teamwork, analytical, and problem-solving skills. 

SOP= WHO YOU ARE?

WHAT HAS INFLUENCED UR CAREER?

PROFESSIONAL INTEREST??

FUTURE PLANS?

a short discussion abt extra professional interests

can start with apt quotation/anecdote.

one must be honest.must have self knowledge(introspection).things u have done and wat u want from life.

must reflect ur desire 2 learn- from music,art etc.

strengths and weaknesses

long term and short term goals 

how mba bridges your past and future.

MBA-= leadership,vision,initiative,communication

 INTEGRITY, EXCELLENCE ,NATION BUILDING- tata values

sop takes really long time to make.

SAMPLE 

You live only once, but if you live right, then once is enough'. Same applies to one's career decisions because one has to live with it throughout. I aspire to be a part of strategic management team, where my primary role is to take crucial decisions that could shape the future course of the firm. The thrill, risk and power of the job fascinates me. 
I am currently pursuing BTech in Electronics and Communication from NSIT. This base will help me in managing the technical aspects of the project. But to reach to a position which allows me to realise my aspirations, I will also have to work as a part of teams, build teams, present my ideas effectively and make fruitful decisions. These tasks ask for skills, which I believe, can be learned and mastered with proper guidance and training. 
FMS, with excellent management research base and richly experienced faculty will prepare me to pursue this challenging career with aplomb and confidence. Its superior industry interface, network of contacts with top professionals and location in delhi with huge coporate presence will give a head-start to my career. 

SAMPLE 1:

The growing challenge in today’s business environment is to manage an enterprise in the face of ever increasing complexity and unpredictability due to both internal and external factors. To succeed in this environment, one not only requires a detailed understanding of corporate workings, people and the business scenario, but also an ability to visualize the impact of one’s decisions.

Being a boarder since the age of twelve, has inculcated in me the trait of adaptability to respond to transient environments. An Engineering degree has enhanced my analytical skills. Working with Tata Motors for the past two and a half years has given me an insight into the complexity and dynamics of a world-class organization.

MBA course sets to equip individuals with a competitive edge with the development of strategic thinking being of central importance. The MBA course curriculum at IIT Delhi is a melting pot of ideas meant to nudge participants towards making a mature judgment.

SAMPLE 2

Having completed my Bachelors of Engineering in Electronics and Telecommunication and gaining a work experience of a year and a month thereafter, in a MNC IT company, I now look forward to pursue a management degree from a premier institute. Taking into consideration, the larger picture and my long term aspirations, I very strongly feel that technology and management go hand in hand and they share a symbiotic relation with one another. Hence, my decision to pursue MBA.

I completed my graduation from ******** in ^^^^^. The college education has given me a plethora of technical knowledge and made my thinking process very much analytical and logical. The art of analyzing problems and arriving at their logical solutions has become a much easier process than before. After graduation, I worked for a year and a month with ****** . ****** is a global IT consulting company which provides high-quality, high-value solutions to the insurance, banking, lending, credit card, and capital markets industries. The experience with ****** was definitely one of it’s kind and also my first tête-à-tête with the corporate world. The company, being a very open and transparent organization, provided a lot of healthy and positive interaction between all levels of management.

The corporate experience, together with my educational background, has made me realize my potential and motivated me to go ahead with my plans to pursue MBA from a premier B-school, which would ultimately enable me to hone my skills as a manager and a team player. This will eventually make my career-growth as well as personal development follow a focused and streamlined path, and make me climb up the various rungs of the corporate ladder rather smoothly and with poise.

SAMPLE 3:

"What I am today is a consequence of choices I made yesterday; what I
shall be tomorrow will depend on choices I make today"

I strongly believe that the course of one's life is determined by the
efforts one puts in, in the choices one has made. Throughout my
journey towards excellence I have always tried to take the best choice
& put in the best in terms of efforts. Whether it be topping my school
in IX standard or being the Head Boy in XII or being the coordinator
of IEEE Quiz ENIGMA or being the main coordinator of ALGORHYTHM, the
inaugural fest of CSI in JAMIA or being the Joint Secretary of CSI Jamia
Chapter I have always tried to make full use of choices I undertook to
develop my faculties.

As a first step towards realizing my vision of being the CEO of a
professionally well managed IT firm, I joined Jamia Millia Islamia for
my graduation in Comp. Engg. & after having undergone a four year
course in technical studies, as a next step I would like to undergo a
management course in systems.

IIT Delhi, with a Management course focusing on systems & especial
emphasis on analytical problem solving skills will than be an ideal
destination for my Post Graduation.With its diverse students
background, the highly qualified faculty & the competence & the strive
for excellence that naturally associates with an IIT, IIT Delhi I
believe is the place that will best cater to my ambition. 
SOP 2--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

"Dreams when put into action causes miracles."

I strongly believe that just having a dream is not enough what is
required is the conviction in that dream, the courage to act upon that
dream & the persistence to keep working when the dream seems
impossible.

Whether it be topping my school in IX standard or being the Head Boy
in XII or being the coordinator of IEEE Quiz ENIGMA or being the main
coordinator of ALGORHYTHM, the inaugural fest of CSI in JAMIA or being
the Joint Secretary of CSI Jamia Chapter I have always had conviction in
my dreams & tried my best to convert those dreams into reality.

As a first step towards realizing my dream of being the CEO of a
professionally well managed IT firm, I joined Jamia Millia Islamia for
my graduation in Comp. Engg. & after having undergone a four year
course in technical studies, as a next step I would like to undergo a
management course in systems.

IIT Delhi, with a Management course focusing on systems & especial
emphasis on analytical problem solving skills will than be an ideal
destination for my Post Graduation.With its diverse students
background, the highly qualified faculty & the competence & the strive
for excellence that naturally associates with an IIT, IIT Delhi I
believe is the place that will best cater to my ambition. -----------------------

SAMPLE 4

Services are playing an increasing role in contributing to our economy’s surge. An expanding middle class, increasing privatization, the surge in purchasing power and the ever changing needs of society have triggered the shift of employment towards the service sector. Among the various sub-sectors, IT industry has played a leading role in shaping the nation’s image.
My stint with xxxxxx as a software engineer has given me a fair amount of feel about services sector. It has taught me the importance of customer satisfaction and product quality; both of which are especially important in service sector where repeat business forms a major chunk of revenue..
Considering the plethora of opportunities in this sector and my work experience in service centric projects, an MBA (MS) degree from FMS will be perfect to put my career on a superb growth path in sync with my dreams and aspirations.

SAMPLE

With the desire of becoming a successful consultant in my life, I joined IITR, one of the oldest and most revered institutes in India, to pursue my B.Tech. in Electronics. This programme not only gave me a good foundation in technology, but also paved the way for me to get in touch with several other distinct fields. Moreover my strong analytical abilities and my drive to excel, helped me in achieving second rank in the college.

After my graduation, I joined as an Engineer in Freescale. The work here is very interesting & has widened my domain of thinking and helped me acknowledge the things that are of cardinal importance for my growth into a thorough professional and a future leader.

Subsequent to a management degree, I plan to go as a manager in my specialized field for 4-5 years & then use the experience, and managerial skills to become a successful consultant hence. At FMS, which has a world class faculty, state of the art infrastructure, wide industry interface, flexible curriculum, and a vibrant alumni network, I will be expecting a value addition not only in terms of the level of placements or work experience, but also in terms of the intellectual capital I would be accumulating in those two years. In order to further my interest and gain valuable knowledge and expertise, I would seek to be a part of intensive management research efforts at the campus.

I believe that FMS will enrich my source of wisdom and will sharpen my skills to create an extra edge needed for the highly competitive business world. I hope to use the skills gained at FMS as a cornerstone to achieving the greater good of the world, and making FMS proud of myself.

http://raydeal-engchat.blogspot.com/

http://mycatprep.com/
http://iimiswhereibelongto.blogspot.com
http://catatit.blogspot.com
http://grammar.quickanddirtytips.com/
http://www.fireup.co.in/
http://tcyoline.com/
http://mockcat.com/

for grammer:
http://www.pagalguy.com/forum/english-resources/29266-grammar-for-cat-08-beyond-22.html
http://cat.jumbotests.com/tests/grammar-for-cat
http://www.grammar-cat.com/practice/writing/word_class.html
http://www.ascenteducation.com/india-mba/iim/cat/questionbank/Archives/May2002/gram2105.shtml
http://mycatprep.com/CATGrammar.html
http://www.write-better-english.com/correct-grammar.aspx
http://cat.jumbotests.com
http://www.managementparadise.com/home.php
http://www.rediff.com/getahead/2008/sep/22cat1.htm
http://www.wiziq.com/home/

apnea http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apnea

http://gannabattula-english.blogspot.com/

COURTESY   : http://gannabattula-english.blogspot.com/
Collected information
Gannabattula
Jan 23, '08, 8:00 PM
The Art Of Writing News
News writing is a key skill for journalists, but it helps with other types of writing as well. That’s because news writing is about telling a story quickly and concisely. Anyone can learn to do this, with a bit of help. Here’s how you can write the news and get your story across. The technique also works well for writing press releases.
News Writing Structure
News writing has its own structure. It’s called the inverted pyramid. This upside down triangle serves as a guide for how you include information in the story. Using the inverted pyramid means starting with the most important information, then putting the next most important info and so on. It can also serve as a guide for writing each paragraph in the story. Start with the most important point, then the next most important and so on.
The inverted pyramid has an interesting history. Before digital printing and desktop publishing, news was laid out manually. If a late breaking story came in and the editor needed to make room, then the editor would order another story to be cut. Having the most important information at the top meant that readers always got the essential parts of the story.
Writing The Facts
Another way to think of the inverted pyramid is that you start with the facts and then add the background. So, how do you know what background to add? It’s easy. You can use the 6Ws. Strictly speaking, there aren’t six Ws, there are actually 5Ws and 1H, but the formula seems to work. That mnemonic reminds us to include the who, where, what, why, when and how of a story.
Why is this? Think about how you tell a story to your friends. You might say: ‘You’ll never believe WHO I just saw!’ Then you might go on to tell the story of where the person was, what they were doing, and why it’s scandalous. We all want to hear about people – and that’s what news is about? Look at any news story and you will see that all of this information is in the first two paragraphs. Anything after that is background to the story.
Let me give another example. If I were writing about a car crash, I would say who was involved, when and where it happened, why it happened and how it happened. Those would be the main points and my story might look something like this:
Two people sustained serious injuries in a car crash at Hill Road at 6am today. The collision happened when Mr. Smith swerved into the opposite lane to avoid a dog in the road. Ms Jones, who was in that lane, was unable to stop in time. Both Mr. Smith and Ms Jones have been taken to the local hospital.
This is not a perfect example, but you get the idea – and now you can write the news too.

Read more…
links
Gannabattula
Jul 19, '07, 10:06 AM
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/grammar/index.html

Read more…
Active Voice and Passive Voice
Gannabattula
Jul 19, '07, 9:29 AM
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/print/grammar/g_actpass.html


You can recognize passive-voice expressions because the verb phrase will always include a form of be, such as am, is, was, were, are, or been. The presence of a be-verb, however, does not necessarily mean that the sentence is in passive voice. Another way to recognize passive-voice sentences is that they may include a "by the..." phrase after the verb; the agent performing the action, if named, is the object of the preposition in this phrase.

Read more…
Prepositions
Gannabattula
Nov 9, '06, 2:24 PM
http://www.fortunecity.com/bally/durrus/153/gramch26.html

A preposition serves to connect its object with the rest of a sentence. In doing so, a preposition indicates the relationship of the idea expressed in the prepositional phrase to the ideas expressed In the rest of the sentence.


The meanings of prepositions

About
1. On the subject of: This is a story about elephants.
2. Approximately: He is about ten years old.

Above
1. Higher than; over: The plane flew above the clouds.
2. Earlier on a page: There is a heading above each diagram.

Across
1. From one side to the other: We walked across the field.
2. On the other side of: There is a store across the street.

After
1. Later in time: after ten o'clock; after lunch
2. Later in a series: Q comes after P in the alphabet.
3. In pursuit of: The dog ran after the cat

Against
1. In opposition to: Theft is against the law.
2. Touching; supported by: I leaned my bicycle against the wall.

Along
1. Following the length of: We walked along the road.

Among

1. Within a group: The money was shared among three people.

Note: In formal English, among is usually used only when referring to more than two persons or things. In contrast, between is used when referring to two persons or things.

Around
1. Circling something: We walked around the block.
2. Surrounding: There is a fence around the garden.
3. In different parts of: I looked around the house for the keys.
4. In the other direction: We turned around and went back home.
5. Approximately: He is around six feet tall.


At
1. A specific location: at 23 Chestnut Street; at the park
2. A point in time: at 5 o'clock; at Christmas
3. A condition: at peace; at war; at rest
4. An activity: at work; at school; at play
5. Towards: Look at someone; wave at someone

Note: When referring to a specific location or to a point in time, at is usually used. When referring to a certain street or a certain day, on is usually used. When referring to a location as an area, or when referring to a unit of time longer than a day, in is usually used.e.g. at Christmas; on Christmas day; in the Christmas holidays


Before
1. Earlier in time: before two o'clock; before Christmas
2. Earlier in a series: S comes before T in the alphabet.

Behind
1. At the back of: The little girl hid behind her mother.
2. Late: I am behind in my work.
3. Cause; origin: Who was behind that idea?


Below
1. Lower than; under: below freezing; below sea level
2. Later on a page: Footnotes are provided below the text.

Beneath
1. Lower than; below: beneath the earth

Beside
1. Next to; at the side of: I sit beside her in class.

Besides
1. Also; as well as: We study other languages besides English.

Note the differing meanings of beside and besides. Beside is usually used with reference to a physical location.


Between
1. An intermediate location: Toronto lies between Montreal and Vancouver.
2. An intermediate time: between Christmas and New Year's Day
3. Intermediate in a series: B comes between A and C in the alphabet.
4. An intermediate amount: between five and ten people
5. Within a group of two: The money was shared between two people.

Beyond
1. Farther than: The mountains lie beyond the horizon.
2. Further than; exceeding: That was beyond my expectations.

But
1. Except: I have read all but the last chapter.

Note: But is used more often as a conjunction than as a preposition.

By
1. Near: a house by the sea
2. Past: He waved as he drove by the house.
3. Not later than: Try to finish the work by next week.
4. In units of: cheaper by the dozen; sold by weight
5. Through the means of: travel by plane; written by him

Note: By is often used in combination with verbs in the Passive Voice.

Concerning
1. Connected with; about: He studies everything concerning trees.

Despite
1. In spite of: We walked downtown despite the rain.

Down
1. To a lower position: The ball rolled down the hill.
2. Further along: He lives down the street.

During
1. Throughout a period: She works during the day.
2. Sometime within a period: An accident occurred during the night.

Except 1. Not including: I have visited everyone except him.

For
1. Duration of time: We walked for two hours.
2. Distance: I walked for five kilometers.
3. Purpose: I bought this jacket for you.
4. In the direction of: She left for New York.
5. In favor of: We are for the proposal.
6. Considering: The boy is clever for his age.


From
1. Place of origin: We left from Boston; he comes from Mexico
2. Start of a period of time: from now on; from yesterday until today
3. Start of a range: From 20 to 30 people were present.
4. Cause: He suffers from nervousness.
5. Source: I first heard the story from you.

In
1. Place thought of as an area: in London; in Europe
2. Within a location: in the room; in the building
3. Large units of time: That happened in March, in 1992.
4. Within a certain time: I will return in an hour.
5. By means of: write in pencil; speak in English
6. Condition: in doubt; in a hurry; in secret
7. A member of: He is in the orchestra; in the navy
8. Wearing: the boy in the blue shirt
9. With reference to: lacking in ideas; rich in oil

Inside
1. Within: They are inside the house.

Into
1. To the inside of: We stepped into the room.
2. Change of condition: The boy changed into a man.

Like
1. Resembling: That looks like him.
2. Appearing possible: It looks like rain.
3. Be in a suitable mood for: I feel like going swimming.

Minus
1. Less: Three minus two equals one.

Near
1. Close to: near the school; near the ocean

Of
1. Location: east of here; the middle of the road
2. Possession: a friend of mine; the sound of music
3. Part of a group: one of us; a member of the team
4. Measurement: a cup of milk; two meters of snow

Off
1. Not on; away from: Please keep off the grass.
2. At some distance from: There are islands off the coast.

On
1. Touching the surface of: on the table; on the wall
2. A certain day: That happened on Sunday, on the 6th of June.
3. A certain street: on South Street
4. About: a book on engineering
5. A state or condition: on strike; on fire; on holiday
6. By means of: live on a pension; shown on television

Onto
1. To a position on: The child climbed onto the table.

Opposite
1. Facing: The library is opposite the fire station.

Out of
1. To the outside of: She went out of the room.
2. From among: We won two games out of three.
3. Motive: We spoke to them out of politeness.
4. Material: The bridge is made out of steel.
5. Beyond: out of control; out of danger

Outside
1. On the outer side of: outside the house
2. Beyond the limits of: outside my experience

Over
1. Above; higher than: There are cupboards over the sink.
2. Covering: We spread an extra blanket over the bed.
3. Across: I jumped over a puddle.
4. More than: It cost over ten dollars; it took over an hour
5. During: I saw him several times over the past week.
6. By means of: We made plans over the telephone

Past
1. Up to and beyond: I walked past the house.
2. After (in time): It was past 2 o'clock; half past two
3. Beyond: past belief


Per
1. For each: 60 kilometers per hour; price per liter

Plus
1. With the addition of: Six plus four equals ten.

Since
1. From a specific time in the past: I had been waiting since two o'clock.
2. From a past time until now: I have been waiting here since noon.

Note: Because of its meaning, the preposition since is usually used in combination with a perfect tense. It should be noted that the preposition for can also be used with a perfect tense. However, when used with reference to time, for is usually followed by a phrase referring to a period of time; whereas since is usually followed by a phrase referring to a specific time.e.g. I have known him for six months. I have known him since January.In the first example, for is followed by six months, which refers to a period of time. In the second example, since is followed by January, which refers to a specific time.

Through
1. Across; from end to end of: the main road through town
2. For the whole of a period: I slept through the night.
3. By means of: Skill improves through practice.

Throughout
1. In every part of: throughout the world
2. For the whole of a period: throughout the winter

Till
Note: Till can be used instead of until. However, at the beginning of a sentence, until is usually used.

To
1. In the direction of: Turn to the right.
2. Destination: I am going to Rome.
3. Until: from Monday to Friday; five minutes to ten
4. Compared with: They prefer hockey to soccer.
5. With indirect object: Please give it to me.
6. As part of infinitive: I like to ski; he wants to help.
7. In order to: We went to the store to buy soap.


Toward (or Towards)
1. In the direction of: We walked toward the center of town.
2. Near; just before (time): It rained towards evening.

Under
1. Beneath: under the desk; under the trees
2. Less than: Under 100 people were present.
3. In circumstances of: under repair; under way; under discussion

Underneath
1. Below, under: underneath the carpet

Until
1. Up to a certain time: She will stay until Friday; until 5 p.m.

Upon
Note: On and upon have similar meanings. Upon may be used in certain expressions, as in once upon a time, and following certain verbs, as in to rely upon someone.

Up
1. To a higher place: We went up the stairs.
2. In a higher place: She lives up the hill.

Up to
1. As far as: up to now; I have read up to page 100.
2. Depending on: The decision is up to you.
3. As good as; ready for: His work is up to standard.

Versus
1. Against (sports, legal): The next game is England versus Australia.

Via
1. By way of: He went to Los Angeles via San Francisco.

With
1. Accompanying: He came with her; I have my keys with me.
2. Having; containing: Here is a book with a map of the island.
3. By means of; using: I repaired the shoes with glue.
4. Manner: with pleasure; with ease; with difficulty
5. Because of: We were paralyzed with fear.

Within
1. Inside of: within twenty minutes; within one kilometer

Without
1. Not having: Do not leave without your coat; without money


Idioms with prepositions

At

not at all: not in any way
at all times: always
at any rate: whatever happens
keep someone at arm's length: avoid becoming closely involved with someone
at close quarters: very near
at one's disposal: to be used as one wishes
at a distance: not near
at fault: causing something wrong at first: at the beginning see at a glance: see immediately at hand: near; readily available at last: finally, after some delay at a loss: uncertain what to do or say at the mercy of: without defense against at the moment: now at once: immediately at present: now at rest: not moving at risk: threatened by danger or loss at short notice: with little warning at stake: to be won or lost at a stretch: continuously at that rate: under those circumstances at this point: at this place; at this moment at the wheel: in control









Prepositions cannot be distinguished by any formal features. A list of prepositions will illustrate this point:

across, after, at, before, by, during, from, in, into, of, on, to, under, with, without
We can, say, however, that prepositions typically come before a noun:


across town
after class
at home
before Tuesday
by Shakespeare for lunch
in London
on fire
to school
with pleasure


The noun does not necessarily come immediately after the preposition, however, since determiners and adjectives can intervene:

after the storm
on white horses
under the old regime
Whether or not there are any intervening determiners or adjectives, prepositions are almost always followed by a noun. In fact, this is so typical of prepositions that if they are not followed by a noun, we call them "stranded" prepositions:


Preposition Stranded Preposition
John talked about the new film This is the film John talked about


Prepositions are invariable in their form, that is, they do not take any inflections.


The prepositions which we have looked at so far have all consisted of a single word, such as in, of, at, and to. We refer to these as SIMPLE PREPOSITIONS.
COMPLEX PREPOSITIONS consist of two- or three-word combinations acting as a single unit. Here are some examples:

according to
along with
apart from
because of
contrary to due to
except for
instead of
prior to
regardless of

Like simple prepositions, these two-word combinations come before a noun:

according to Shakespeare
contrary to my advice
due to illness

Three-word combinations often have the following pattern:


Simple Preposition + Noun + Simple Preposition

We can see this pattern in the following examples:

in aid of
on behalf of
in front of
in accordance with
in line with in line with
in relation to
with reference to
with respect to
by means of

Again, these combinations come before a noun:

in aid of charity
in front of the window
in line with inflation







Read more…
Words
Gannabattula
Oct 27, '06, 12:03 PM
Pamper: vt
Meaning: to treat a person or an animal in a special way by making them as comfortable as possible and giving them whatever they want:

Example: Pampered yourself with festive goodies this Diwali?

pampered: adj

Exmaple: He was a pampered rich kid who was driven to school in a limousine

Flab: nu
Meaning: soft loose flesh on someone's body:
Example : I've got to lose this flab on my belly!

Mop: nc
Meaning: a stick with soft material fixed at one end, especially used for washing floors or dishes:
Example: a floor mop

Mop :vt -pp-
Meaning: to use a mop to wash something:
Example: He mopped the bathroom floor.

Curator : Noun
Meaning : The custodian of a collection (as a museum or library).
Example : As an curator, he belives his primary goal is to build a strong knowledge base.

Impetus : Noun
Meaning : A force that moves something along. / The act of applying force suddenly.
Example : Culture is Indias core legacy which needs to be given economic impetus.

Disseminate : verb
Meaning : Circulate. / Cause to become widely known.
Example : He disseminate information about the finance.

Nascent : Adjective
Meaning : Being born or beginning
Example : The nascent chicks are always cute.

Lineage : Noun
Meaning : the descendants of one individual .
Example : His entire lineage has been warriors.

Dapper : Adjective
Meaning : Marked by up-to-dateness in dress and manners
Example : I saw a dapper young man with his wife.

Crease : Noun
Meaning : a line on cloth or paper where it has been folded or crushed
Example : He ironed a crease down the front of each trouser leg

Crease : Verb (I, T)
Meaning : If you crease it, it gets a line in it where it has been folded or crushed.
Example : The seatbelt has creased my blouse (T)
Example : It's a nice dress, but it creases very easily.

Creased : adjective
Meaning : with a crease
Example : creased trouser.

Mundane : adjective
Meaning : very ordinary and therefore not interesting
Example : She finds inspiration in most mundane things.

hobnob : verb (i)
Meaning : to spend time being friendly with someone who is important or famous:
Example : She often has her picture in the papers, hobnobbing with the rich and famous.

inadvertent : adjective
Meaning : unintentional
Example : What one does not know is that this inadvertent slip did give an aurthoritative stamp of apporval to the term 'office spouse'

crib
Meaning :
Example :

Meaning :
Example :

Meaning :
Example :

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Sayings or proverbs or quatations
Gannabattula
Oct 26, '06, 10:38 AM
1. A thousand-mile journey begins with the first step.

2. Be as a creator rather than competitor

3. It’s just as important to forgive yourself as it is to forgive others.

4. Your mind can only hold one thought at a time. Make it a positive and constructive one.

5. I learned this, at least, by my experiment: that if one advances confidently in the direction of his dreams, and endeavors to live the life which he had imagined, he will meet with a success unexpected in common hours.

6. The goal is not to speculate on what might happen, but to imagine what you can make happen.

7. You are today where your thougts have brought you; you will be tomorrow where your thougts take you.

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Phrasal Verbs
Gannabattula
Oct 26, '06, 10:22 AM
1. Churn out
Meaning: to produce large amount of something, especially something of low quality
Example: The factory churns out thousands of pairs of shoes every week.

2. mop sth up (CLEAN) phrasal verb [M]
Meaning: to use a cloth or a mop to remove liquid from the surface of something:
Example: There's milk on the floor over there - could you get a cloth and mop it up?

3.kick out
Meaning : throwing out
Example : he kicked me out from the company.

4.Keep on
Meaning : continued doing something.
Example : he kept on studying.

5. get it across
Meaning : make something understand.
Example : Could you get this across to me.

6. get along with
Meaning : be friendly
Example : are you get along with your team?

7. walk something off
Meaning : to go to the walk to get rid of illness
Example : i am going out to walk off this headache.

8. put something aside
Meaning : to save something
Example : I put aside a little every month for a deposit on a house.

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Idioms
Gannabattula
Oct 26, '06, 10:22 AM
1. Time and time again

Meaning: Very often

Example: I have told you time and time again how to be a great performer.

2. In the first place

Meaning: in or at the beginning

Example: Let's do this in the first place.

2. by and large

Meaning: generally or mostly

Example: the films they show are, by and large, American imports.

3. Easier said than done

Meaning: something that you say seems easy but hard to do

Example : The doctor says I should stop smoking but that's easier said than done.

4. As blind as bat.
Meaning : blind.
Example : The man is as blind as a bat and cannot see more than a small distance ahead.

5. Bet on the wrong horse.
Meaning :to misread the future, to not choose the winning person or solution.
Example : He is betting on the wrong horse if he supports the other city in their bid for the Olympic games.

6. Act up
Meaning : misbehave
Example : The children began to act up during the field trip.


7. (up)to the hilt
Meaning : if you do something to the hilt, you do it in the strongest and most complete way that you can
Example : I like to live it to the hilt.

8. one and all
Meaning : everyone
Example : Season’s Greetings to one and all!

9. A blot on the landsacape
Meaning : something such as an ugly building that spoils a pleasant view
Example : This building is blot on the landscape.

10. Straight from the Horse's mouth
Meaning : If you hear something (straight) from the horse's mouth, you hear it from the person who has direct personal knowledge of the matter
Example : I heard it straight from horse's mouth

11. pull someone's leg
Meaning: When you pull a person's leg you are spoofing or making fun of him, usually in a good-humored way.
Example: Dont pull my leg

12. put their heads together
Meaning : meet and discuss together
Example : lets put our heads together on this issue.

13. two heads are better than one.
Meaning : more than one person looking at an issue gives more value.
Example : Could you review my code? Becuase I feel, two heads are better than one.

14. afraid of one's own shadow
Meaning : to become frightened easily
Example : the small dog is afraid of his own shadow.

15. add insult to injury
Meaning : to make bad situation worse
Example : Our boss added insult to injury when she refused to let's use the laptop.

16. across the board
Meaning : including everyone or everything
Example : The salary hike is across the board.

17. at a loss
Meaning : to sell something and lose money
Example : we were forced to sell the computers at a loss.

18. Hit between the eyes.
Meaning : make a strong impression on or surprise greatly
Example : the new about the accident hit us between the eyes and totally shocked us.

19. Belives one's eye.
Meaning : beleive what one sees or become sure of seeing something
Example : We couldn't believe our eyes, when we saw the three bears on the highway.

20. put/set to paper
Meaning : to start to write
Example : It's time you put pen to paper and reply.

21. put all your eggs in one basket
Meaning : to depend for your success on a single person or plan of action.
Example : I am applying for several jobs because i don't really want to put all my eggs in one basket.

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Common phrases
Gannabattula
Oct 26, '06, 10:21 AM
1. All over the world.

2. You will eventually be found out.

3. In all of life (all people's life).

4. A child learns to turnover, to situp, to crawl, and then to walk and run.

5. Here is the catch

6. Forgiveness and Gratitude.

7. call it whatever you wish.

8. putting it all together.

9. Now It’s Time To Take Action.

10. if I don’t do it, it won’t get done.

11. days passed

12. walking past a restaurant

13. it washes out easily.

14. Not that long ago

15. all in all

16. lifestyle disease

17. He works hard like never before

18. Outlook to life is very different

19. the desire for sucess is very high and reality never matches up

20. That is got nothing to do with overwork

21. as painful as it may sound.

22. Everywhere you turn

23. Intention, focus and skills-- all of which can be mastered.

24. There is no stopping you.

25. Lack of clarity and focus is one of the most common failings.

26. It is bringing together of what I do and what I really value.

27. cow's udder is full of milk

28. Shower his grace on me

29. Jack of all trades and master of none.

30. If don't make any efforts and just sit still, i will be committing the sin of disobedience.

31. blazing heat rays of the sun.

32. ......is like attempting to embrace the sky

33. till my last breath, get you work done by me.

34. so be it

35. may that be whatever

36. the rows of beautiful flags flutter high in the sky

37. tears sprang from eyes

38. smears the ground with cow dung and burns incense

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Sentence patterns
Gannabattula
Oct 26, '06, 10:10 AM
Pattern 1: Subject + verb

Example:
1. birds fly
2. he talks
3. he writes
4. he goes
5. I code

Pattern 2: Subject + verb + subject compliment

Example:
1. This is a pen.
2. It is a letter.

Pattern 3: Subject + verb + direct object

Example:
1. I like sweets.
2. He loves you.
3. You do dance.

Pattern 4: Subject + verb + indirect object + direct object

Example:
1. he gives you a book.
2. I tell you story.
3. He reads you a article.

Pattern 5: Subject + verb + direct object + prepostion + preposital object

Example:
1. he gives a book to you.
2. I tell story to you.
3. He reads a article to you.
4. He give this book to a friend of my brother's friend.

Note : pattern 5 is used when direct object is less important or when the indirect object is to long


Pattern 6: Subject + verb + noun/pronoun + adjective

Example sentences:

1. The boy pushed the door open.
2. Krishna does things well.
3. Everyone can imagine thier career excellent.
4. One should exhibit oneself mature and credible.

Pattern 7: Subject +verb + preposition + preposital object

Example:
1. He talks about his family.
2. I blinks at me.
3. He laughs at you.
4. He cherish with you.

Pattern 8: Subject + verb + to-infinitive

Example:
1. I love to talk.
2. He likes to dance.
3. We go to play.
4. He come to ask

Pattern 9: Subject + verb + noun/pronoun + to-infintive

Example:
1. She cooks food to serve.
2. He rehearse play to act.
3. He likes you to accompany.
4. Puneet washes his clothes to wear.


Pattern 10: Subject + verb + noun/pronoun + plain infinitive

Example:
1. I saw him go out.
2. I make him swim.
3. I hear you go.
4. I let you finish.

Pattern 11: Subject + verb + gerund

Example:
1. I enjoy eating.
2. He keeps going.
3. Seeing is believing.

Pattern 12: Subject + verb + noun/pronoun + present particple

Example:
1. I see you coming.
2. I like you dancing.
3. I watch you coding.
4. He enjoys you screaming.


Pattern 13: Subject + verb + noun/pronoun + pat particple

Example:
1. I want this user-story finished.
2. I heard you left.
3. I saw you thrown out.
4. I watched you fell down.

Read more…
Reporting Speech
Gannabattula
Sep 29, '06, 10:40 AM
http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/reportedspeech.htm
http://www.edufind.com/english/grammar/rep5.cfm


Indirect Speech (also referred to as 'reported speech') refers to a sentence reporting what someone has said. It is almost always used in spoken English.


If the reporting verb (i.e. said) is in the past, the reported clause will be in a past form. This form is usually one step back into the past from the original.
For example:


He said the test was difficult.
She said she watched TV every day.
Jack said he came to school every day.

If simple present, present perfect or the future is used in the reporting verb (i.e. says) the tense is retained.
For example:


He says the test is difficult.
She has said that she watches TV every day.
Jack will say that he comes to school every day.

If reporting a general truth the present tense will be retained.

For example:The teacher said that phrasal verbs are very important.

Changing Pronouns and Time Signifiers

When changing from direct speech to indirect speech, it is often necessary to change the pronouns to match the subject of the sentence.

For example:

She said, "I want to bring my children." BECOMES She said she wanted to bring her children.
Jack said, "My wife went with me to the show." BECOMES Jack said his wife had gone with him to the show.
It is also important to change time words (signifiers) when referring to present, past or future time to match the moment of speaking.

For example:

She said, "I want to bring my children tomorrow." BECOMES She said she wanted to bring her children the next day.
Jack said, "My wife went with me to the show yesterday." BECOMES Jack said his wife had gone with him to the show the day before.
Indirect Questions

When reporting questions, it is especially important to pay attention to sentence order. When reporting yes/ no questions connect the reported question using 'if'. When reporting questions using question words (why, where, when, etc.) use the question word.

For example:


She asked, "Do you want to come with me?" BECOMES She asked me if I wanted to come with her.
Dave asked, "Where did you go last weekend?" BECOMES Dave asked me where I had gone the previous weekend.
He asked, "Why are you studying English?" BECOMES She asked me why I was studying English.
The following chart includes sentences changed from quoted speech to reported speech using a past form. NoteSimple past, present perfect, and past perfect allchange to past perfect in the reported form.




1. Manger said, "What is the status?"
Manager asked me what was the status.

2. "Come here", said manager
Manager ordered to come there.

3. "Where do you live?", he said.
He asked me where I lived.

4. direct speech

Rama : "Shall we goto movie?"
Kiran : "let's go"
rama : "Which movie would you like to watch?"
kiran : "Any movie which has some commedy"
rama : "Ok, adlabs is screening today such movie"
kiran : "Then we go there"
rama : "Do u have vehicle to go there?"
kiran: "No, let's take auto"

Reported speech:

Rama asked kiran to go to movie.
kiran said yes.
rama asked which movie kiran would liked to watch.
kiran said that any movie which had some commedy.
rama said ok and inform further that adlabs was screening such a movie that day.
kiran said to go there.
rama asked whether kiran had a vehicle to go there.
kiran said to take the auto.




john: "Would you like to go out to dinner or to a movie?"
Karen : "Either one, it is up to you"
john : "what would you prefer?"
karen : "I really don't care, I just want to get out of the house"
john : "Well, then how about dinner and a movie"
karen : "That's a great idea"

john asked karen to go out to a dinner or a movie.
karen replied either one and said it was up to him.
john asked what karen would prefer.
karen said she really did'nt care and added she just wanted to get out of the house.
john suggested about dinner and movie.
karen said that was a great idea.

Collected information
Gannabattula
Jan 23, '08, 8:00 PM
The Art Of Writing News
News writing is a key skill for journalists, but it helps with other types of writing as well. That’s because news writing is about telling a story quickly and concisely. Anyone can learn to do this, with a bit of help. Here’s how you can write the news and get your story across. The technique also works well for writing press releases.
News Writing Structure
News writing has its own structure. It’s called the inverted pyramid. This upside down triangle serves as a guide for how you include information in the story. Using the inverted pyramid means starting with the most important information, then putting the next most important info and so on. It can also serve as a guide for writing each paragraph in the story. Start with the most important point, then the next most important and so on.
The inverted pyramid has an interesting history. Before digital printing and desktop publishing, news was laid out manually. If a late breaking story came in and the editor needed to make room, then the editor would order another story to be cut. Having the most important information at the top meant that readers always got the essential parts of the story.
Writing The Facts
Another way to think of the inverted pyramid is that you start with the facts and then add the background. So, how do you know what background to add? It’s easy. You can use the 6Ws. Strictly speaking, there aren’t six Ws, there are actually 5Ws and 1H, but the formula seems to work. That mnemonic reminds us to include the who, where, what, why, when and how of a story.
Why is this? Think about how you tell a story to your friends. You might say: ‘You’ll never believe WHO I just saw!’ Then you might go on to tell the story of where the person was, what they were doing, and why it’s scandalous. We all want to hear about people – and that’s what news is about? Look at any news story and you will see that all of this information is in the first two paragraphs. Anything after that is background to the story.
Let me give another example. If I were writing about a car crash, I would say who was involved, when and where it happened, why it happened and how it happened. Those would be the main points and my story might look something like this:
Two people sustained serious injuries in a car crash at Hill Road at 6am today. The collision happened when Mr. Smith swerved into the opposite lane to avoid a dog in the road. Ms Jones, who was in that lane, was unable to stop in time. Both Mr. Smith and Ms Jones have been taken to the local hospital.
This is not a perfect example, but you get the idea – and now you can write the news too.

Read more…
links
Gannabattula
Jul 19, '07, 10:06 AM
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/grammar/index.html

Read more…
Active Voice and Passive Voice
Gannabattula
Jul 19, '07, 9:29 AM
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/print/grammar/g_actpass.html


You can recognize passive-voice expressions because the verb phrase will always include a form of be, such as am, is, was, were, are, or been. The presence of a be-verb, however, does not necessarily mean that the sentence is in passive voice. Another way to recognize passive-voice sentences is that they may include a "by the..." phrase after the verb; the agent performing the action, if named, is the object of the preposition in this phrase.

Read more…
Prepositions
Gannabattula
Nov 9, '06, 2:24 PM
http://www.fortunecity.com/bally/durrus/153/gramch26.html

A preposition serves to connect its object with the rest of a sentence. In doing so, a preposition indicates the relationship of the idea expressed in the prepositional phrase to the ideas expressed In the rest of the sentence.


The meanings of prepositions

About
1. On the subject of: This is a story about elephants.
2. Approximately: He is about ten years old.

Above
1. Higher than; over: The plane flew above the clouds.
2. Earlier on a page: There is a heading above each diagram.

Across
1. From one side to the other: We walked across the field.
2. On the other side of: There is a store across the street.

After
1. Later in time: after ten o'clock; after lunch
2. Later in a series: Q comes after P in the alphabet.
3. In pursuit of: The dog ran after the cat

Against
1. In opposition to: Theft is against the law.
2. Touching; supported by: I leaned my bicycle against the wall.

Along
1. Following the length of: We walked along the road.

Among

1. Within a group: The money was shared among three people.

Note: In formal English, among is usually used only when referring to more than two persons or things. In contrast, between is used when referring to two persons or things.

Around
1. Circling something: We walked around the block.
2. Surrounding: There is a fence around the garden.
3. In different parts of: I looked around the house for the keys.
4. In the other direction: We turned around and went back home.
5. Approximately: He is around six feet tall.


At
1. A specific location: at 23 Chestnut Street; at the park
2. A point in time: at 5 o'clock; at Christmas
3. A condition: at peace; at war; at rest
4. An activity: at work; at school; at play
5. Towards: Look at someone; wave at someone

Note: When referring to a specific location or to a point in time, at is usually used. When referring to a certain street or a certain day, on is usually used. When referring to a location as an area, or when referring to a unit of time longer than a day, in is usually used.e.g. at Christmas; on Christmas day; in the Christmas holidays


Before
1. Earlier in time: before two o'clock; before Christmas
2. Earlier in a series: S comes before T in the alphabet.

Behind
1. At the back of: The little girl hid behind her mother.
2. Late: I am behind in my work.
3. Cause; origin: Who was behind that idea?


Below
1. Lower than; under: below freezing; below sea level
2. Later on a page: Footnotes are provided below the text.

Beneath
1. Lower than; below: beneath the earth

Beside
1. Next to; at the side of: I sit beside her in class.

Besides
1. Also; as well as: We study other languages besides English.

Note the differing meanings of beside and besides. Beside is usually used with reference to a physical location.


Between
1. An intermediate location: Toronto lies between Montreal and Vancouver.
2. An intermediate time: between Christmas and New Year's Day
3. Intermediate in a series: B comes between A and C in the alphabet.
4. An intermediate amount: between five and ten people
5. Within a group of two: The money was shared between two people.

Beyond
1. Farther than: The mountains lie beyond the horizon.
2. Further than; exceeding: That was beyond my expectations.

But
1. Except: I have read all but the last chapter.

Note: But is used more often as a conjunction than as a preposition.

By
1. Near: a house by the sea
2. Past: He waved as he drove by the house.
3. Not later than: Try to finish the work by next week.
4. In units of: cheaper by the dozen; sold by weight
5. Through the means of: travel by plane; written by him

Note: By is often used in combination with verbs in the Passive Voice.

Concerning
1. Connected with; about: He studies everything concerning trees.

Despite
1. In spite of: We walked downtown despite the rain.

Down
1. To a lower position: The ball rolled down the hill.
2. Further along: He lives down the street.

During
1. Throughout a period: She works during the day.
2. Sometime within a period: An accident occurred during the night.

Except 1. Not including: I have visited everyone except him.

For
1. Duration of time: We walked for two hours.
2. Distance: I walked for five kilometers.
3. Purpose: I bought this jacket for you.
4. In the direction of: She left for New York.
5. In favor of: We are for the proposal.
6. Considering: The boy is clever for his age.


From
1. Place of origin: We left from Boston; he comes from Mexico
2. Start of a period of time: from now on; from yesterday until today
3. Start of a range: From 20 to 30 people were present.
4. Cause: He suffers from nervousness.
5. Source: I first heard the story from you.

In
1. Place thought of as an area: in London; in Europe
2. Within a location: in the room; in the building
3. Large units of time: That happened in March, in 1992.
4. Within a certain time: I will return in an hour.
5. By means of: write in pencil; speak in English
6. Condition: in doubt; in a hurry; in secret
7. A member of: He is in the orchestra; in the navy
8. Wearing: the boy in the blue shirt
9. With reference to: lacking in ideas; rich in oil

Inside
1. Within: They are inside the house.

Into
1. To the inside of: We stepped into the room.
2. Change of condition: The boy changed into a man.

Like
1. Resembling: That looks like him.
2. Appearing possible: It looks like rain.
3. Be in a suitable mood for: I feel like going swimming.

Minus
1. Less: Three minus two equals one.

Near
1. Close to: near the school; near the ocean

Of
1. Location: east of here; the middle of the road
2. Possession: a friend of mine; the sound of music
3. Part of a group: one of us; a member of the team
4. Measurement: a cup of milk; two meters of snow

Off
1. Not on; away from: Please keep off the grass.
2. At some distance from: There are islands off the coast.

On
1. Touching the surface of: on the table; on the wall
2. A certain day: That happened on Sunday, on the 6th of June.
3. A certain street: on South Street
4. About: a book on engineering
5. A state or condition: on strike; on fire; on holiday
6. By means of: live on a pension; shown on television

Onto
1. To a position on: The child climbed onto the table.

Opposite
1. Facing: The library is opposite the fire station.

Out of
1. To the outside of: She went out of the room.
2. From among: We won two games out of three.
3. Motive: We spoke to them out of politeness.
4. Material: The bridge is made out of steel.
5. Beyond: out of control; out of danger

Outside
1. On the outer side of: outside the house
2. Beyond the limits of: outside my experience

Over
1. Above; higher than: There are cupboards over the sink.
2. Covering: We spread an extra blanket over the bed.
3. Across: I jumped over a puddle.
4. More than: It cost over ten dollars; it took over an hour
5. During: I saw him several times over the past week.
6. By means of: We made plans over the telephone

Past
1. Up to and beyond: I walked past the house.
2. After (in time): It was past 2 o'clock; half past two
3. Beyond: past belief


Per
1. For each: 60 kilometers per hour; price per liter

Plus
1. With the addition of: Six plus four equals ten.

Since
1. From a specific time in the past: I had been waiting since two o'clock.
2. From a past time until now: I have been waiting here since noon.

Note: Because of its meaning, the preposition since is usually used in combination with a perfect tense. It should be noted that the preposition for can also be used with a perfect tense. However, when used with reference to time, for is usually followed by a phrase referring to a period of time; whereas since is usually followed by a phrase referring to a specific time.e.g. I have known him for six months. I have known him since January.In the first example, for is followed by six months, which refers to a period of time. In the second example, since is followed by January, which refers to a specific time.

Through
1. Across; from end to end of: the main road through town
2. For the whole of a period: I slept through the night.
3. By means of: Skill improves through practice.

Throughout
1. In every part of: throughout the world
2. For the whole of a period: throughout the winter

Till
Note: Till can be used instead of until. However, at the beginning of a sentence, until is usually used.

To
1. In the direction of: Turn to the right.
2. Destination: I am going to Rome.
3. Until: from Monday to Friday; five minutes to ten
4. Compared with: They prefer hockey to soccer.
5. With indirect object: Please give it to me.
6. As part of infinitive: I like to ski; he wants to help.
7. In order to: We went to the store to buy soap.


Toward (or Towards)
1. In the direction of: We walked toward the center of town.
2. Near; just before (time): It rained towards evening.

Under
1. Beneath: under the desk; under the trees
2. Less than: Under 100 people were present.
3. In circumstances of: under repair; under way; under discussion

Underneath
1. Below, under: underneath the carpet

Until
1. Up to a certain time: She will stay until Friday; until 5 p.m.

Upon
Note: On and upon have similar meanings. Upon may be used in certain expressions, as in once upon a time, and following certain verbs, as in to rely upon someone.

Up
1. To a higher place: We went up the stairs.
2. In a higher place: She lives up the hill.

Up to
1. As far as: up to now; I have read up to page 100.
2. Depending on: The decision is up to you.
3. As good as; ready for: His work is up to standard.

Versus
1. Against (sports, legal): The next game is England versus Australia.

Via
1. By way of: He went to Los Angeles via San Francisco.

With
1. Accompanying: He came with her; I have my keys with me.
2. Having; containing: Here is a book with a map of the island.
3. By means of; using: I repaired the shoes with glue.
4. Manner: with pleasure; with ease; with difficulty
5. Because of: We were paralyzed with fear.

Within
1. Inside of: within twenty minutes; within one kilometer

Without
1. Not having: Do not leave without your coat; without money


Idioms with prepositions

At

not at all: not in any way
at all times: always
at any rate: whatever happens
keep someone at arm's length: avoid becoming closely involved with someone
at close quarters: very near
at one's disposal: to be used as one wishes
at a distance: not near
at fault: causing something wrong at first: at the beginning see at a glance: see immediately at hand: near; readily available at last: finally, after some delay at a loss: uncertain what to do or say at the mercy of: without defense against at the moment: now at once: immediately at present: now at rest: not moving at risk: threatened by danger or loss at short notice: with little warning at stake: to be won or lost at a stretch: continuously at that rate: under those circumstances at this point: at this place; at this moment at the wheel: in control









Prepositions cannot be distinguished by any formal features. A list of prepositions will illustrate this point:

across, after, at, before, by, during, from, in, into, of, on, to, under, with, without
We can, say, however, that prepositions typically come before a noun:


across town
after class
at home
before Tuesday
by Shakespeare for lunch
in London
on fire
to school
with pleasure


The noun does not necessarily come immediately after the preposition, however, since determiners and adjectives can intervene:

after the storm
on white horses
under the old regime
Whether or not there are any intervening determiners or adjectives, prepositions are almost always followed by a noun. In fact, this is so typical of prepositions that if they are not followed by a noun, we call them "stranded" prepositions:


Preposition Stranded Preposition
John talked about the new film This is the film John talked about


Prepositions are invariable in their form, that is, they do not take any inflections.


The prepositions which we have looked at so far have all consisted of a single word, such as in, of, at, and to. We refer to these as SIMPLE PREPOSITIONS.
COMPLEX PREPOSITIONS consist of two- or three-word combinations acting as a single unit. Here are some examples:

according to
along with
apart from
because of
contrary to due to
except for
instead of
prior to
regardless of

Like simple prepositions, these two-word combinations come before a noun:

according to Shakespeare
contrary to my advice
due to illness

Three-word combinations often have the following pattern:


Simple Preposition + Noun + Simple Preposition

We can see this pattern in the following examples:

in aid of
on behalf of
in front of
in accordance with
in line with in line with
in relation to
with reference to
with respect to
by means of

Again, these combinations come before a noun:

in aid of charity
in front of the window
in line with inflation







Read more…
Words
Gannabattula
Oct 27, '06, 12:03 PM
Pamper: vt
Meaning: to treat a person or an animal in a special way by making them as comfortable as possible and giving them whatever they want:

Example: Pampered yourself with festive goodies this Diwali?

pampered: adj

Exmaple: He was a pampered rich kid who was driven to school in a limousine

Flab: nu
Meaning: soft loose flesh on someone's body:
Example : I've got to lose this flab on my belly!

Mop: nc
Meaning: a stick with soft material fixed at one end, especially used for washing floors or dishes:
Example: a floor mop

Mop :vt -pp-
Meaning: to use a mop to wash something:
Example: He mopped the bathroom floor.

Curator : Noun
Meaning : The custodian of a collection (as a museum or library).
Example : As an curator, he belives his primary goal is to build a strong knowledge base.

Impetus : Noun
Meaning : A force that moves something along. / The act of applying force suddenly.
Example : Culture is Indias core legacy which needs to be given economic impetus.

Disseminate : verb
Meaning : Circulate. / Cause to become widely known.
Example : He disseminate information about the finance.

Nascent : Adjective
Meaning : Being born or beginning
Example : The nascent chicks are always cute.

Lineage : Noun
Meaning : the descendants of one individual .
Example : His entire lineage has been warriors.

Dapper : Adjective
Meaning : Marked by up-to-dateness in dress and manners
Example : I saw a dapper young man with his wife.

Crease : Noun
Meaning : a line on cloth or paper where it has been folded or crushed
Example : He ironed a crease down the front of each trouser leg

Crease : Verb (I, T)
Meaning : If you crease it, it gets a line in it where it has been folded or crushed.
Example : The seatbelt has creased my blouse (T)
Example : It's a nice dress, but it creases very easily.

Creased : adjective
Meaning : with a crease
Example : creased trouser.

Mundane : adjective
Meaning : very ordinary and therefore not interesting
Example : She finds inspiration in most mundane things.

hobnob : verb (i)
Meaning : to spend time being friendly with someone who is important or famous:
Example : She often has her picture in the papers, hobnobbing with the rich and famous.

inadvertent : adjective
Meaning : unintentional
Example : What one does not know is that this inadvertent slip did give an aurthoritative stamp of apporval to the term 'office spouse'

crib
Meaning :
Example :

Meaning :
Example :

Meaning :
Example :

Read more…
Sayings or proverbs or quatations
Gannabattula
Oct 26, '06, 10:38 AM
1. A thousand-mile journey begins with the first step.

2. Be as a creator rather than competitor

3. It’s just as important to forgive yourself as it is to forgive others.

4. Your mind can only hold one thought at a time. Make it a positive and constructive one.

5. I learned this, at least, by my experiment: that if one advances confidently in the direction of his dreams, and endeavors to live the life which he had imagined, he will meet with a success unexpected in common hours.

6. The goal is not to speculate on what might happen, but to imagine what you can make happen.

7. You are today where your thougts have brought you; you will be tomorrow where your thougts take you.

Read more…
Phrasal Verbs
Gannabattula
Oct 26, '06, 10:22 AM
1. Churn out
Meaning: to produce large amount of something, especially something of low quality
Example: The factory churns out thousands of pairs of shoes every week.

2. mop sth up (CLEAN) phrasal verb [M]
Meaning: to use a cloth or a mop to remove liquid from the surface of something:
Example: There's milk on the floor over there - could you get a cloth and mop it up?

3.kick out
Meaning : throwing out
Example : he kicked me out from the company.

4.Keep on
Meaning : continued doing something.
Example : he kept on studying.

5. get it across
Meaning : make something understand.
Example : Could you get this across to me.

6. get along with
Meaning : be friendly
Example : are you get along with your team?

7. walk something off
Meaning : to go to the walk to get rid of illness
Example : i am going out to walk off this headache.

8. put something aside
Meaning : to save something
Example : I put aside a little every month for a deposit on a house.

Read more…
Idioms
Gannabattula
Oct 26, '06, 10:22 AM
1. Time and time again

Meaning: Very often

Example: I have told you time and time again how to be a great performer.

2. In the first place

Meaning: in or at the beginning

Example: Let's do this in the first place.

2. by and large

Meaning: generally or mostly

Example: the films they show are, by and large, American imports.

3. Easier said than done

Meaning: something that you say seems easy but hard to do

Example : The doctor says I should stop smoking but that's easier said than done.

4. As blind as bat.
Meaning : blind.
Example : The man is as blind as a bat and cannot see more than a small distance ahead.

5. Bet on the wrong horse.
Meaning :to misread the future, to not choose the winning person or solution.
Example : He is betting on the wrong horse if he supports the other city in their bid for the Olympic games.

6. Act up
Meaning : misbehave
Example : The children began to act up during the field trip.


7. (up)to the hilt
Meaning : if you do something to the hilt, you do it in the strongest and most complete way that you can
Example : I like to live it to the hilt.

8. one and all
Meaning : everyone
Example : Season’s Greetings to one and all!

9. A blot on the landsacape
Meaning : something such as an ugly building that spoils a pleasant view
Example : This building is blot on the landscape.

10. Straight from the Horse's mouth
Meaning : If you hear something (straight) from the horse's mouth, you hear it from the person who has direct personal knowledge of the matter
Example : I heard it straight from horse's mouth

11. pull someone's leg
Meaning: When you pull a person's leg you are spoofing or making fun of him, usually in a good-humored way.
Example: Dont pull my leg

12. put their heads together
Meaning : meet and discuss together
Example : lets put our heads together on this issue.

13. two heads are better than one.
Meaning : more than one person looking at an issue gives more value.
Example : Could you review my code? Becuase I feel, two heads are better than one.

14. afraid of one's own shadow
Meaning : to become frightened easily
Example : the small dog is afraid of his own shadow.

15. add insult to injury
Meaning : to make bad situation worse
Example : Our boss added insult to injury when she refused to let's use the laptop.

16. across the board
Meaning : including everyone or everything
Example : The salary hike is across the board.

17. at a loss
Meaning : to sell something and lose money
Example : we were forced to sell the computers at a loss.

18. Hit between the eyes.
Meaning : make a strong impression on or surprise greatly
Example : the new about the accident hit us between the eyes and totally shocked us.

19. Belives one's eye.
Meaning : beleive what one sees or become sure of seeing something
Example : We couldn't believe our eyes, when we saw the three bears on the highway.

20. put/set to paper
Meaning : to start to write
Example : It's time you put pen to paper and reply.

21. put all your eggs in one basket
Meaning : to depend for your success on a single person or plan of action.
Example : I am applying for several jobs because i don't really want to put all my eggs in one basket.

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Common phrases
Gannabattula
Oct 26, '06, 10:21 AM
1. All over the world.

2. You will eventually be found out.

3. In all of life (all people's life).

4. A child learns to turnover, to situp, to crawl, and then to walk and run.

5. Here is the catch

6. Forgiveness and Gratitude.

7. call it whatever you wish.

8. putting it all together.

9. Now It’s Time To Take Action.

10. if I don’t do it, it won’t get done.

11. days passed

12. walking past a restaurant

13. it washes out easily.

14. Not that long ago

15. all in all

16. lifestyle disease

17. He works hard like never before

18. Outlook to life is very different

19. the desire for sucess is very high and reality never matches up

20. That is got nothing to do with overwork

21. as painful as it may sound.

22. Everywhere you turn

23. Intention, focus and skills-- all of which can be mastered.

24. There is no stopping you.

25. Lack of clarity and focus is one of the most common failings.

26. It is bringing together of what I do and what I really value.

27. cow's udder is full of milk

28. Shower his grace on me

29. Jack of all trades and master of none.

30. If don't make any efforts and just sit still, i will be committing the sin of disobedience.

31. blazing heat rays of the sun.

32. ......is like attempting to embrace the sky

33. till my last breath, get you work done by me.

34. so be it

35. may that be whatever

36. the rows of beautiful flags flutter high in the sky

37. tears sprang from eyes

38. smears the ground with cow dung and burns incense

Read more…
Sentence patterns
Gannabattula
Oct 26, '06, 10:10 AM
Pattern 1: Subject + verb

Example:
1. birds fly
2. he talks
3. he writes
4. he goes
5. I code

Pattern 2: Subject + verb + subject compliment

Example:
1. This is a pen.
2. It is a letter.

Pattern 3: Subject + verb + direct object

Example:
1. I like sweets.
2. He loves you.
3. You do dance.

Pattern 4: Subject + verb + indirect object + direct object

Example:
1. he gives you a book.
2. I tell you story.
3. He reads you a article.

Pattern 5: Subject + verb + direct object + prepostion + preposital object

Example:
1. he gives a book to you.
2. I tell story to you.
3. He reads a article to you.
4. He give this book to a friend of my brother's friend.

Note : pattern 5 is used when direct object is less important or when the indirect object is to long


Pattern 6: Subject + verb + noun/pronoun + adjective

Example sentences:

1. The boy pushed the door open.
2. Krishna does things well.
3. Everyone can imagine thier career excellent.
4. One should exhibit oneself mature and credible.

Pattern 7: Subject +verb + preposition + preposital object

Example:
1. He talks about his family.
2. I blinks at me.
3. He laughs at you.
4. He cherish with you.

Pattern 8: Subject + verb + to-infinitive

Example:
1. I love to talk.
2. He likes to dance.
3. We go to play.
4. He come to ask

Pattern 9: Subject + verb + noun/pronoun + to-infintive

Example:
1. She cooks food to serve.
2. He rehearse play to act.
3. He likes you to accompany.
4. Puneet washes his clothes to wear.


Pattern 10: Subject + verb + noun/pronoun + plain infinitive

Example:
1. I saw him go out.
2. I make him swim.
3. I hear you go.
4. I let you finish.

Pattern 11: Subject + verb + gerund

Example:
1. I enjoy eating.
2. He keeps going.
3. Seeing is believing.

Pattern 12: Subject + verb + noun/pronoun + present particple

Example:
1. I see you coming.
2. I like you dancing.
3. I watch you coding.
4. He enjoys you screaming.


Pattern 13: Subject + verb + noun/pronoun + pat particple

Example:
1. I want this user-story finished.
2. I heard you left.
3. I saw you thrown out.
4. I watched you fell down.

Read more…
Reporting Speech
Gannabattula
Sep 29, '06, 10:40 AM
http://www.learnenglish.de/grammar/reportedspeech.htm
http://www.edufind.com/english/grammar/rep5.cfm


Indirect Speech (also referred to as 'reported speech') refers to a sentence reporting what someone has said. It is almost always used in spoken English.


If the reporting verb (i.e. said) is in the past, the reported clause will be in a past form. This form is usually one step back into the past from the original.
For example:


He said the test was difficult.
She said she watched TV every day.
Jack said he came to school every day.

If simple present, present perfect or the future is used in the reporting verb (i.e. says) the tense is retained.
For example:


He says the test is difficult.
She has said that she watches TV every day.
Jack will say that he comes to school every day.

If reporting a general truth the present tense will be retained.

For example:The teacher said that phrasal verbs are very important.

Changing Pronouns and Time Signifiers

When changing from direct speech to indirect speech, it is often necessary to change the pronouns to match the subject of the sentence.

For example:

She said, "I want to bring my children." BECOMES She said she wanted to bring her children.
Jack said, "My wife went with me to the show." BECOMES Jack said his wife had gone with him to the show.
It is also important to change time words (signifiers) when referring to present, past or future time to match the moment of speaking.

For example:

She said, "I want to bring my children tomorrow." BECOMES She said she wanted to bring her children the next day.
Jack said, "My wife went with me to the show yesterday." BECOMES Jack said his wife had gone with him to the show the day before.
Indirect Questions

When reporting questions, it is especially important to pay attention to sentence order. When reporting yes/ no questions connect the reported question using 'if'. When reporting questions using question words (why, where, when, etc.) use the question word.

For example:


She asked, "Do you want to come with me?" BECOMES She asked me if I wanted to come with her.
Dave asked, "Where did you go last weekend?" BECOMES Dave asked me where I had gone the previous weekend.
He asked, "Why are you studying English?" BECOMES She asked me why I was studying English.
The following chart includes sentences changed from quoted speech to reported speech using a past form. NoteSimple past, present perfect, and past perfect allchange to past perfect in the reported form.




1. Manger said, "What is the status?"
Manager asked me what was the status.

2. "Come here", said manager
Manager ordered to come there.

3. "Where do you live?", he said.
He asked me where I lived.

4. direct speech

Rama : "Shall we goto movie?"
Kiran : "let's go"
rama : "Which movie would you like to watch?"
kiran : "Any movie which has some commedy"
rama : "Ok, adlabs is screening today such movie"
kiran : "Then we go there"
rama : "Do u have vehicle to go there?"
kiran: "No, let's take auto"

Reported speech:

Rama asked kiran to go to movie.
kiran said yes.
rama asked which movie kiran would liked to watch.
kiran said that any movie which had some commedy.
rama said ok and inform further that adlabs was screening such a movie that day.
kiran said to go there.
rama asked whether kiran had a vehicle to go there.
kiran said to take the auto.




john: "Would you like to go out to dinner or to a movie?"
Karen : "Either one, it is up to you"
john : "what would you prefer?"
karen : "I really don't care, I just want to get out of the house"
john : "Well, then how about dinner and a movie"
karen : "That's a great idea"

john asked karen to go out to a dinner or a movie.
karen replied either one and said it was up to him.
john asked what karen would prefer.
karen said she really did'nt care and added she just wanted to get out of the house.
john suggested about dinner and movie.
karen said that was a great idea.

THOUGHTS

THOUGHTS…..ON DREAMS & VISION

Dream lofty dreams, and as you dream, so you shall become. Your vision is the promise of what you shall one day be; your ideal is the prophecy of what you shall at last unveil. -James Allen


Cherish your visions and your dreams, as they are the children of your soul, the blueprints of your [...]


Always bear in mind that your own resolution to succeed is more important than any one thing. -Abraham Lincoln


The greatest discovery of my generation is that a human being can alter his life by altering his attitudes of mind. -William James


The highest reward for man’s toil is not what he gets for it, but what [...]


Failure is simply the opportunity to begin again, this time more intelligently.
-Henry Ford

The secret of health for both mind and body is not to mourn for the past, not to worry about the future, nor to anticipate troubles, but to live in the present moment wisely and earnestly. -Buddha

It is not because things are difficult [...]


The only way of finding the limits of the possible is by going beyond them into the impossible. -Arthur C. Clarke

Desire is the starting point of all achievement, not a hope, not a wish, but a keen pulsating desire, which transcends everything. -Napoleon Hill

If you believe in what you are doing, then let nothing hold you [...]


Education’s purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one. — Malcolm Forbes

Education is a weapon whose effects depend on who holds it in his hands and at whom it is aimed. — Joseph Stalin


You cannot teach a man anything. You can only help him discover it within himself………… — Galileo

I would rather entertain and hope that people learned something than educate people and hope they were entertained. — Walt Disney


“For standing for truth there will be a price, just as for telling lies there will be penalties; hence choose which one you want to pay.”
-Kiran Bedi.

“Focus on speed,imagination,excellence in education and meritocracy”
-N R Narayana Murthy